Brihadeeswarar Temple, Thanjavur: The Great Living Chola Temple
Introduction
The Brihadeeswarar Temple, or the Peruvudaiyar Kovil, and popularly referred to as the “Big Temple,” is one of the most recognizable monuments in India. In Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, this UNESCO World Heritage Monument is a work of Dravidian art, constructed during the Chola period. The temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva, and it is a symbol of the architectural marvel and cultural importance of the Cholas.
Constructed by Raja Raja Chola I (1010 CE)
The temple was commissioned by Raja Raja Chola I, who was one of the greatest kings of the Chola dynasty. It was the culmination of Chola architectural and cultural excellence.
Architectural Brilliance
The temple is built entirely of granite, and its 216-foot-tall vimana (tower) is among the world’s tallest. No binding material such as cement was used despite the enormous size, demonstrating outstanding engineering expertise.
Inscriptional Legacy
The walls of the temple feature inscriptions that contain detailed descriptions of the Chola dynasty, their rule, temple administration, and Raja Raja Chola’s achievements. These inscriptions are priceless historical documents.
Architect Vastu Perunthachan
The design and construction of the temple are credited to the mythical architect Vastu Perunthachan, who took care to make each and every aspect mathematically accurate and Vastu-compliant.
Architectural Detailing
Vimana (Tower)
The vimana, or the Rajarajeshwaram, is a 13-tiered tower that overwhelms the skyline. The single block on the top, weighing approximately 80 tons, is said to have been set in place using an inclined plane that extended for several kilometers.
Nandi Statue
The temple contains a huge Nandi (bull) statue carved from a single piece of stone. It is about 16 feet in length and 13 feet in height, representing the dedication to Lord Shiva.
Murals and Sculptures
The temple is adorned with delicate carvings, sculptures, and murals that represent scenes from Hindu mythology, especially scenes of Lord Shiva, and Chola battles.
Granite Marvel
In spite of being constructed away from the vicinity of granite quarries, the temple has been constructed only using granite rocks, with around 130,000 tons employed for the structure.
Rituals and Worship
Daily Rituals
Brihadeeswarar Temple worship conforms to age-old Shaivite traditions. Morning and evening pujas and offerings are conducted to the Shiva lingam in sanctum sanctorum. Some rituals are:
- Abhishekam: Divine bathing of lingam using milk, honey, and water.
- Alankaram: Flower, sandal paste, and jewel decoration of the deity.
- Aarti: Camphor and lamp offering.
Unique Practice
The temple’s vimana shadow does not fall on the ground at noon, giving the structure a mystical touch, unlike most Shiva temples.
Festivals at Brihadeeswarar Temple
- Mahashivaratri: Celebrated with pomp and glory, drawing thousands of devotees.
- Raja Raja Chola’s Coronation Day: A celebration of the achievements of Raja Raja Chola through cultural events.
- Aani Thirumanjanam: Committed to the sacred purifying of the deity during June-July.
- Karthigai Deepam: Observed during November-December, when the temple is lit up by oil lamps.
Temple Timings
Brihadeeswarar Temple receives visitors all year round.
- Opening Timings: 6:00 AM to 12:30 PM; 4:00 PM to 8:30 PM
- Special Puja Timings: Early morning routines begin at 6:00 AM, evening aartis at 7:30 PM
Attractions Around
- Thanjavur Palace: Popular for its artistic and cultural artifacts.
- Saraswathi Mahal Library: Contains ancient manuscript and palm-leaf records.
- Schwartz Church: A structure from the colonial period symbolizing Thanjavur’s rich history.
Conclusion
The Brihadeeswarar Temple is a grand example of Tamil Nadu’s rich cultural and architectural past. Its combination of spirituality, art, and history makes it a place worth visiting for both devotees and history buffs. Whether you visit to admire its architectural splendor or find spiritual strength, the temple has something in store for you that will remain with you forever.
“Let us be motivated by the divine grace of Lord Shiva and the heritage of Raja Raja Chola to value the beauty of art and devotion.”